Meningitis is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection that invades the cerebral spinal fluid csf. Article pdf available in the pediatric infectious disease journal 3511 july 2016 with 78 reads how we measure reads. Meningitis bacteriana mx este documento es elaborado por medigraphic cuadro iv. Bacterial meningitis is life threatening, and must be distinguished from the more common aseptic viral. The objective of these practice guidelines is to provide clinicians with recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis. Dec 15, 2010 acute meningitis is a medical emergency with a potential for high morbidity and mortality. Group b streptococcus, enteric gram negatives in young infants. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Clinicians need a low threshold for suspecting meningitis, to undertake appropriate investigations and provide treatment in a timely manner, to minimise the risk of poor outcome in bacterial disease, while limiting unnecessary treatment in viral meningitis. Most patients do not need brain imaging before lumbar puncture. Surveillance of bacterial meningitis, ethiopia, 201220.
Students will not be allowed to register for courses until this form has been completed and all required documentation has been received. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Relacion entre forma clinica y serotipo mayo 2012 30 abril 20. The objective was to determine the optimal empirical antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in early infancy. These are guidelines only and not intended to replace clinical judgment. Additionally, people with weak immune systems are more at risk for meningitis. The clinical criteria must be checked and laboratory aids used in the way to obtain a precise diagnosis. Meningitis bacteriana aguda por streptococcus pyogenes an. Smoking, secondhand smoke and crowded living conditions also increase the risk for some kinds of. Pdf meningitis dd pediatria connie vilchez academia. Pdf a prospective study of risk factors for neurological. It is essential for clinicians to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms of meningitis and understand its management and prevention.
Group b streptococcus was the main organism associated with bacterial meningitis during the neonatal period 58% of cases whereas s. Generalidades slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The epidemiology, management, and outcomes of bacterial. Guidelines for the management of acute meningitis in children and adults in south africa. In general, meningitis caused by a virus is less serious than meningitis caused by bacteria. Guidelines for the management of acute meningitis in children.
Arch argent pediatr buenos aires serie en internet. Even with appropriate treatment, morbidity and mortality can be substantial. It is not known why one person gets meningitis when others exposed to the same germs do not get as sick, or dont get sick at all. Lp is recommended before antibiotics for most cases. Clinical practice guideline summary clinical practice guidelines for the acute management of infants and children with bacterial meningitis. The internationally approved and gold standard presumptive treatment of bacterial meningitis is based on the administration of one or more antibiotics for at least 5 days, according to the local epidemiology of meningitis and patient characteristics. Guidelines for the management of acute meningitis in. First, the introduction of conjugate vaccines in europe resulted in the virtual disappearance of. Meningitis g e n e r a l o v e r v i e w siddharth bansal mbbs gauhati medical college 95 20 1 2. The severity of a childs symptoms and prognosis depend on. Meningitis occurs in people of all ages, but it is more common in children and people over 65. Bacterial meningitis is a severe, lifethreatening infection of the central nervous system that requires immediate medical attention.
The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the united states has changed tremendously in the past 20 years. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Patients with bacterial meningitis are usually treated by primary care and emergency medicine physicians at the time of initial presentation, often in consultation with infectious diseases specialists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, including the pia, arachnoid, and subarachnoid space, that occurs in response to infection with bacteria andor bacterial products. Search strategy we searched medlinedatabase for articles published within the past 15 years, with the keywords meningitis, bacterial meningitis, meningitis in children, bacterial meningitis in children, neuroinfection, cns infection, brain infection, and meningeal inflammation.
High case fatality is observed from pneumococcal meningitis in the meningitis belt. Neonatal meningococcal meningitis in france from 2001 to 20. Meningitis pediatria meningitis fluido cerebroespinal. Key points in the acute management of bacterial meningitis in children. Wright, kar seng sim, ana vega, laura fachal, david inwald, simon nadel, enitan d. Bcch clinical practice guideline for audiologists meningitis may 16, 2014 8 bacterial meningitis. The clinic is useful, being very frequent the presence of meningeal signs. Background the rate of bacterial meningitis declined by 55% in the united states in the early 1990s, when the haemophilus influenzae type b hib conjugate vaccine meningitis pediatria pdf.
Listeria monocytogenes in immunocompromised patients. Pdf neonatal meningococcal meningitis in france from 2001. Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease of the membranes lining the brain resulting in a high mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Streptococcus pneumoniae 10 14 dias neisseria meningitidis 5 7 dias haemophilus influenzae 7 10 dias. Hivinfected, cd4 meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis postypcv7 declining incidence and treatment rachel h. Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis in the uk, but bacterial meningitis continues to be important, with a high mortality. Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease of the mem. Guidelines for the management of acute meningitis in children and adults in south africa this guideline provides a rational and costeffective approach to patients with acute meningitis, which causes considerable. Other tests that should be performed for specific indications include.
Sometimes funguses, cancers, head injuries or other factors can cause meningitis, but cases from these sources are rare. However, during 20012010, a median of only 1,056 suspected meningitis. Clinical features are poor discriminators for meningitis, so urgent investigations, starting with lumbar puncture, are key. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis. Cerebral spinal fluid csf is the fluid within the open spaces of the brain that protect and cushion the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral white blood cell count alone is not help. Meningitis bacteriana aguda revista medica clinica las condes. Doses provided are usual doses but may require modification based on patient age or comorbid conditions. In the past decades the epidemiology and treatment strategies for communityacquired bacterial meningitis have significantly changed. Modification of therapy may be indicated based on patient comorbidities, previous antibiotic therapy or infection history. Lineamientosatencionclinicaenfermedadmeningococicacolombia. Report for the who meningitis guideline revision may 2014. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of bacterial. Clinical description meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges.
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